This chapter contains:
Oracle Database Vault provides a set of procedural interfaces to administer various Database Vault security options and manage Database Vault security enforcements. There are also procedures and functions that expose the logic to validate a DDL command for realm violations and command authorizations. Additional procedures and functions are provided to set the value of a factor (assuming their associated rule sets evaluate to true) (for example, from a Web application), to retrieve the trust level for a session or specific factor identity, and to get the label for a factor identity. These procedures and functions are provided so that a database administrator does not grant the EXECUTE privilege on all DVSYS package procedures to the general database account population. The procedures and functions expose only the minimum methods that are required. All of these functions and procedures are publicly available for applications that need them.
Table 15-1 lists the default run-time PL/SQL procedures and functions.
| Procedure or Function | Parameter |
|---|---|
|
Sets a factor |
|
|
Retrieves a factor |
|
|
Retrieves the trust level assigned to a factor |
|
|
Retrieves the trust level for a specified factor and an identity |
|
|
Checks whether the specified database role is enabled |
|
|
Retrieves the label for the specified factor when the factor has a label assigned to it for the specified Oracle Label Security policy |
The SET_FACTOR procedure can be exposed to an application that requires the ability to set factor identities dynamically. It wraps the package procedure DBMS_MACADM.SET_FACTOR. When a factor has a rule set associated with it for assignment and if the rule set returns true, then the value is set. Normal rule set handling occurs, and the factor value (identity) validation method is called. This procedure is available (to execute) to the general database account population.
DVSYS.SET_FACTOR( p_factor IN VARCHAR2, p_value IN VARCHAR2);
Table 15-2 SET_FACTOR Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
|
|
Factor name. To find existing factors in the current database instance, query the |
|
|
Identity value, up to 1024 characters in mixed case. To find the identities for each factor in the current database instance, query the |
EXECUTE DVSYS.SET_FACTOR(''Sector2_ClientID'', ''identity'');
The GET_FACTOR function is exposed to the DVF schema to allow the public factor functions to resolve the identity of a factor. This enables the F$ functions in the DVF schema. This function is available (to execute) to the general database account population.
DVSYS.GET_FACTOR( p_factor IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2;
Table 15-3 GET_FACTOR Parameter
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
|
|
Factor name. To find existing factors in the current database instance, query the |
BEGIN
DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE(
rule_name => 'Get Client ID Factor Identity',
rule_expr => 'DVSYS.GET_FACTOR(''Sector2_ClientID'')');
END;
/
The GET_TRUST_LEVEL function returns the trust level of the current session identity for the factor requested. This function is available (to execute) to the general database account population. See "Creating and Configuring a Factor Identity" for a listing of the available trust levels.
DVSYS.GET_TRUST_LEVEL( p_factor IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2;
Table 15-4 GET_TRUST_LEVEL Parameter
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
|
|
Factor name. To find existing factors in the current database instance, query the |
BEGIN
DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE(
rule_name => 'Get Client ID Trust Level',
rule_expr => 'DVSYS.GET_TRUST_LEVEL(''Sector2_ClientID'')');
END;
/
The GET_TRUST_LEVEL_FOR_IDENTITY function returns the trust level for the factor and identity requested. This function is available (to execute) to the general database account population. See "Creating and Configuring a Factor Identity" for a listing of the available trust levels.
DVSYS.GET_TRUST_LEVEL_FOR_IDENTITY( p_factor IN VARCHAR2, p_identity IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2;
Table 15-5 GET_TRUST_LEVEL_FOR_IDENTITY Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
|
|
Factor name. To find existing factors in the current database instance, query the |
|
|
Identity value. To find the identities for each factor in the current database instance, use the |
BEGIN
DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE(
rule_name => 'Get Client ID Identity Trust Level',
rule_expr => 'DVSYS.GET_TRUST_LEVEL_FOR_IDENTITY(''Sector2_ClientID'', ''identity'')');
END;
/
The ROLE_IS_ENABLED function returns a boolean value that specifies whether a database role has been enabled. This function is available (to execute) to the general database account population.
DVSYS.ROLE_IS_ENABLED( p_role IN VARCHAR2) RETURN BOOLEAN;
Table 15-6 ROLE_IS_ENABLED Parameter
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
|
|
Database role name to check. To find existing roles, use the following data dictionary views:
|
BEGIN
DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE(
rule_name => 'Check if SYSADM Role Is Enabled',
rule_expr => 'DVSYS.ROLE_IS_ENABLED(''SYSADM'')');
END;
/
The GET_FACTOR_LABEL function returns the label for the specified factor when the factor has a label assigned to it for the specified Oracle Label Security policy. The function returns a label that is merged with the maximum session label for the policy if the policy is configured with Oracle Label Security. The function is available (to execute) to the general database population. See "Label Identity" for more information about factor labels.
DVSYS.GET_FACTOR_LABEL( p_factor IN VARCHAR2, p_policy_name IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2;
Table 15-7 GET_FACTOR_LABEL Parameters
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
|
|
Factor name. To find the available factors in the current database instance, query the See "DVSYS.DBA_DV_FACTOR View" and "DVSYS.DBA_DV_MAC_POLICY_FACTOR View". |
|
|
Oracle Label Security policy name. Use the following data dictionary views to find information about policies and factors in the current database instance:
|
BEGIN
DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE(
rule_name => 'Get the ClientID Factor Label',
rule_expr => 'DVSYS.GET_FACTOR_LABEL(''Sector2_ClientID'', ''Access Locations'')');
END;
/
In addition to the functions and procedures made available from the DVSYS schema, the DVF schema contains a single function for each factor defined in the system. Oracle Database Vault maintains these functions when you use the DBMS_MACADM PL/SQL package to manage the various factors. The functions are then available to the general database account population through PL/SQL functions and standard SQL. This enables factors to be used in Oracle Label Security, Oracle Virtual Private Database (VPD), and so on.
Typically, you can incorporate these functions into rule expressions. For example:
BEGIN
DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE(
rule_name => 'Not Internal DBA',
rule_expr => 'DVF.F$SESSION_USER NOT IN (''JSMTIH'', ''TBROWN'')');
END;
/
To find the value of a factor function, select from the DUAL system table. For example:
SELECT DVF.F$SESSION_USER FROM DUAL; F$SESSION_USER ------------------------------------------------ LBROWN_DVOWNER
The name of the factor itself is case-insensitive. For example, the following statements return the same result
select dvf.f$session_user from dual; SELECT DVF.F$SESSION_USER FROM DUAL;
Table 15-8 lists the default factor functions.
Table 15-8 Installed Oracle Database Vault Factor Functions
| DVF Factor Function | Description |
|---|---|
|
Returns the method of authentication in |
|
|
Returns the IP address of the computer from which the client is connected |
|
|
Returns the domain of the database as specified in the |
|
|
Returns the host name of the computer on which the database instance is running |
|
|
Returns the database instance identification number of the current database instance |
|
|
Returns the IP address of the computer on which the database instance is running |
|
|
Returns the name of the database as specified in the |
|
|
Returns a named collection of physical, configuration, or implementation-specific factors in the run-time environment (for example, a networked IT environment or subset of it) that operates at a specific sensitivity level |
|
|
Returns the enterprise-wide identity for a user |
|
|
Returns the way the schema of a user was created in the database. Specifically, it reflects the |
|
|
Returns the ISO abbreviation for the language name, a shorter form than the existing |
|
|
Returns the language and territory currently used by your session, in |
|
|
Returns the computer (host) name for the database client that established the database session. |
|
|
Returns the network protocol being used for communication, as specified in the |
|
|
Returns the Oracle Internet Directory distinguished name (DN) when the proxy user is an enterprise user |
|
|
Returns the database user name by which the current user is authenticated |
The F$AUTHENTICATION_METHOD function returns the method of authentication in VARCHAR2 data type. In the list that follows, the type of user is followed by the method returned:
Password-authenticated enterprise user, local database user, or SYSDBA/SYSOPER using Password File; proxy with user name using password: PASSWORD
Kerberos-authenticated enterprise or external user: KERBEROS
SSL-authenticated enterprise or external user: SSL
Radius-authenticated external user: RADIUS
Operating system-authenticated external user or SYSDBA/SYSOPER: OS
DCE-authenticated external user: DCE
Proxy with certificate, distinguished name (DN), or user name without using password: NONE
You can use IDENTIFICATION_TYPE to distinguish between external and enterprise users when the authentication method is Password, Kerberos, or SSL.
DVF.F$AUTHENTICATION_METHOD () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Check SSL Authentication Method', rule_expr => 'DVF.F$AUTHENTICATION_METHOD = ''SSL'''); END; /
The F$CLIENT_IP function returns the IP address of the computer from which the client is connected, in VARCHAR2 data type.
DVF.F$CLIENT_IP () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Check Client IP Address', rule_expr => 'DVF.F$CLIENT_IP BETWEEN ''192.0.2.10'' AND ''192.0.2.20'''); END; /
The F$DATABASE_DOMAIN function returns the domain of the database as specified in the DB_DOMAIN initialization parameter, in VARCHAR2 data type.
DVF.F$DATABASE_DOMAIN () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN
DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE(
rule_name => 'Check Client Database Domain',
rule_expr => 'DVF.F$DATABASE_DOMAIN NOT IN (''EXAMPLE'', ''YOURDOMAIN'')');
END;
/
The F$DATABASE_HOSTNAME function returns the host name of the computer on which the instance is running, in VARCHAR2 data type.
DVF.F$DATABASE_HOSTNAME () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN
DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE(
rule_name => 'Check Host Name',
rule_expr => 'DVF.F$DATABASE_HOSTNAME IN (''SHOBEEN'', ''MAU'')');
END;
/
The F$DATABASE_INSTANCE function returns the instance identification number of the current database instance, in VARCHAR2 data type.
DVF.F$DATABASE_INSTANCE () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Check Database Instance ID', rule_expr => 'DVF.F$DATABASE_INSTANCE = ''SALES_DB'''); END; /
The F$DATABASE_IP function returns the IP address of the computer on which the database instance is running, in VARCHAR2 data type.
DVF.F$DATABASE_IP () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Check Database IP address', rule_expr => 'DVF.F$DATABASE_IP = ''192.0.2.5'''); END; /
The F$DATABASE_NAME function returns the name of the database as specified in the DB_NAME initialization parameter, in VARCHAR2 data type.
DVF.F$DATABASE_NAME () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Check Database DB_NAME Name', rule_expr => 'DVF.F$DATABASE_NAME = ''ORCL'''); END; /
The F$DOMAIN function returns a named collection of physical, configuration, or implementation-specific factors in the run-time environment (for example, a networked IT environment or subset of it) that operates at a specific sensitivity level. The return type is VARCHAR2.
You can identify a domain using factors such as host name, IP address, and database instance names of the Oracle Database Vault nodes in a secure access path to the database. Each domain can be uniquely determined using a combination of the factor identifiers that identify the domain. You can use these identifying factors and possibly additional factors to define the Maximum Security Label within the domain. This restricts data access and commands, depending on the physical factors about the Oracle Database Vault session. Example domains of interest may be Corporate Sensitive, Internal Public, Partners, and Customers.
DVF.F$DOMAIN () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Check Domain', rule_expr => 'DVF.F$DOMAIN = ''EXAMPLE.COM'''); END; /
The F$ENTERPRISE_IDENTITY function returns the enterprise-wide identity for a user, in VARCHAR2 data type:
For enterprise users: the Oracle Internet Directory DN.
For external users: the external identity (Kerberos principal name, Radius and DCE schema names, operating system user name, certificate DN).
For local users and SYSDBA/SYSOPER logins: NULL.
The value of the attribute differs by proxy method:
For a proxy with DN: the Oracle Internet Directory DN of the client.
For a proxy with certificate: the certificate DN of the client for external users; the Oracle Internet Directory DN for global users.
For a proxy with user name: the Oracle Internet Directory DN if the client is an enterprise user; NULL if the client is a local database user.
DVF.F$ENTERPRISE_IDENTITY () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN
DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE(
rule_name => 'Check User Enterprise Identity',
rule_expr => 'DVF.F$ENTERPRISE_IDENTITY NOT IN (''JSMITH'', ''TSMITH'')');
END;
/
The F$IDENTIFICATION_TYPE function returns the way the schema of a user was created in the database. Specifically, it reflects the IDENTIFIED clause in the CREATE/ALTER USER syntax. The return type is VARCHAR2. In the list that follows, the syntax used during schema creation is followed by the identification type returned:
IDENTIFIED BY password: LOCAL
IDENTIFIED EXTERNALLY: EXTERNAL
IDENTIFIED GLOBALLY: GLOBAL SHARED
IDENTIFIED GLOBALLY AS DN: GLOBAL PRIVATE
DVF.F$IDENTIFICATION_TYPE () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Check User Schema Creation Type', rule_expr => 'DVF.F$IDENTIFICATION_TYPE = ''GLOBAL SHARED'''); END; /
The F$LANG function returns the ISO abbreviation for the language name, a shorter form than the existing LANGUAGE parameter, for the session of the user. The return type is VARCHAR2.
See Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for a listing of supported languages for Oracle Database.
DVF.F$LANG () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN
DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE(
rule_name => 'Check ISO Abbreviated Language Name',
rule_expr => 'DVF.F$LANG IN (''EN'', ''DE'', ''FR'')');
END;
/
The F$LANGUAGE function returns the language and territory currently used by a user session, in VARCHAR2 data type, along with the database character set, in the following form:
language_territory.characterset
See Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for a listing of supported languages and territories for Oracle Database.
DVF.F$LANGUAGE () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Check Session Language and Territory', rule_expr => 'DVF.F$LANGUAGE = ''AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1'''); END; /
The F$MACHINE function returns the computer (host) name for the database client that established the database session. The return type is VARCHAR2.
DVF.F$MACHINE () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN
DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE(
rule_name => 'Check Client Computer Host Name',
rule_expr => 'DVF.F$MACHINE NOT IN (''SHOBEEN'', ''SEBASTIAN'')');
END;
/
The F$NETWORK_PROTOCOL function returns the network protocol being used for communication, as specified in the PROTOCOL=protocol portion of the connect string. The return type is VARCHAR2.
DVF.F$NETWORK_PROTOCOL () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Check Network Protocol', rule_expr => 'DVF.F$NETWORK_PROTOCOL = ''TCP'''); END; /
The F$PROXY_ENTERPRISE_IDENTITY function returns the Oracle Internet Directory distinguished name (DN) when the proxy user is an enterprise user. The return type is VARCHAR2.
DVF.F$PROXY_ENTERPRISE_IDENTITY () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Get OID DN of Enterprise User', rule_expr => 'DVF.F$PROXY_ENTERPRISE_IDENTITY = ''cn=Provisioning Admins'''); END; /
The F$SESSION_USER function returns the database user name by which the current user is authenticated. This value remains the same throughout the session. The return type is VARCHAR2.
DVF.F$SESSION_USER () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN
DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE(
rule_name => 'Check Database User Name',
rule_expr => 'DVF.F$SESSION_USER IN (''JSMITH'', ''TSMITH'')');
END;
/
Oracle Database Vault provides a set of functions that you can use in rule sets to inspect the SQL statement that you want the rule set to protect. For example, if a rule set protects SELECT ON HR.EMPLOYEES under a command rule, then you could use these functions to make more informed decisions in the rule expression.
Table 15-9 lists the default rule functions.
Table 15-9 Installed Oracle Database Vault PL/SQL Rule Set Functions
| Rule Set Function | Description |
|---|---|
|
Returns the system event firing the rule set |
|
|
Returns the login user name |
|
|
Returns the database instance number |
|
|
Returns the database name |
|
|
Returns the type of the dictionary object on which the database operation occurred (for example, table, procedure, view) |
|
|
Returns the owner of the dictionary object on which the database operation occurred |
|
|
Returns the name of the dictionary object on which the database operation occurred |
|
|
Returns the first 4000 characters of SQL text of the database statement used in the operation |
The DV_SYSEVENT function returns the system event firing the rule set, in VARCHAR2 data type. The event name is the same as that in the syntax of the SQL statement (for example, INSERT, CREATE.)
DVSYS.DV_SYSEVENT () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Get System Event Firing the Maintenance Rule Set', rule_expr => 'DVSYS.DV_SYSEVENT = ''CREATE'''); END; /
The DV_LOGIN_USER function returns the login user name, in VARCHAR2 data type.
DVSYS.DV_LOGIN_USER () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Check System Login User Name', rule_expr => 'DVSYS.DV_LOGIN_USER = ''SEBASTIAN'''); END; /
The DV_INSTANCE_NUM function returns the database instance number, in NUMBER data type.
DVSYS.DV_INSTANCE_NUM () RETURN NUMBER;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Check Database Instance Number', rule_expr => 'DVSYS.DV_INSTANCE_NUM BETWEEN 6 AND 9'); END; /
The DV_DATABASE_NAME function returns the database name, in VARCHAR2 data type.
DVSYS.DV_DATABASE_NAME () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Check Database Name', rule_expr => 'DVSYS.DV_DATABASE_NAME = ''ORCL'''); END; /
The DV_DICT_OBJ_TYPE function returns the type of the dictionary object on which the database operation occurred (for example, table, procedure, or view). The return type is VARCHAR2.
DVSYS.DV_DICT_OBJ_TYPE () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN
DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE(
rule_name => 'Check Dictionary Object Type',
rule_expr => 'DVSYS.DV_DICT_OBJ_TYPE IN (''TABLE'', ''VIEW'')');
END;
/
The DV_DICT_OBJ_OWNER function returns the name of the owner of the dictionary object on which the database operation occurred. The return type is VARCHAR2.
DVSYS.DV_DICT_OBJ_OWNER () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Check Dictionary Object Owner', rule_expr => 'DVSYS.DV_DICT_OBJ_OWNER = ''JSMITH'''); END; /
The DV_DICT_OBJ_NAME function returns the name of the dictionary object on which the database operation occurred. The return type is VARCHAR2.
DVSYS.DV_DICT_OBJ_NAME () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Check Dictionary Object Name', rule_expr => 'DVSYS.DV_DICT_OBJ_NAME = ''SALES'''); END; /
The DV_SQL_TEXT function returns the first 4000 characters of SQL text of the database statement used in the operation The return type is VARCHAR2.
DVSYS.DV_SQL_TEXT () RETURN VARCHAR2;
None.
BEGIN DBMS_MACADM.CREATE_RULE( rule_name => 'Check SQL Text', rule_expr => 'DVSYS.DV_SQL_TEXT = ''SELECT SALARY FROM HR.EMPLOYEES'''); END; /
Oracle Database Vault provides a collection of PL/SQL package APIs to support the maintenance and run-time behavior of Oracle Database Vault. Table 15-10 lists these packages. Chapter 12, "Using the DBMS_MACADM Package," describes these packages in detail.
Table 15-10 Oracle Database Vault Administrator and Run-Time PL/SQL Packages
| Package | Description |
|---|---|
|
|
Provides for the administration of all aspects of the secure and access control configuration data. The realm owner of the Oracle Database Vault realm can grant the ability to run this package. See Chapter 12, "Using the DBMS_MACADM Package," for more information. |
|
|
Provides the The API also provides a method to issue the See Chapter 13, "Using the DBMS_MACSEC_ROLES Package," for more information. |
|
|
Defines several constants and utility methods that are commonly used by other Oracle Database Vault packages, such as code/message lookup, error handling, data conversion, and privilege checks. This package can be run by the general database account population. This allows for security developers to leverage the constants in scripted configuration files. Utility methods such as See Chapter 14, "Using the DBMS_MACUTL Package," for more information. |
Note:
There are several procedures in theDBMS_MACADM package that are not exposed in the Oracle Database Vault Administration Web application. The procedures that are not exposed include:
CREATE_DOMAIN_IDENTITY
CREATE_FACTOR_TYPE
DELETE_FACTOR_TYPE
RENAME_FACTOR_TYPE
UPDATE_FACTOR_TYPE