LPAD
Description of the illustration ''lpad.gif''
LPAD returns expr1, left-padded to length n characters with the sequence of characters in expr2. This function is useful for formatting the output of a query.
Both expr1 and expr2 can be any of the data types CHAR, VARCHAR2, NCHAR, NVARCHAR2, CLOB, or NCLOB. The string returned is of VARCHAR2 data type if expr1 is a character data type, NVARCHAR2 if expr1 is a national character data type, and a LOB if expr1 is a LOB data type. The string returned is in the same character set as expr1. The argument n must be a NUMBER integer or a value that can be implicitly converted to a NUMBER integer.
If you do not specify expr2, then the default is a single blank. If expr1 is longer than n, then this function returns the portion of expr1 that fits in n.
The argument n is the total length of the return value as it is displayed on your terminal screen. In most character sets, this is also the number of characters in the return value. However, in some multibyte character sets, the display length of a character string can differ from the number of characters in the string.
The following example left-pads a string with the asterisk (*) and period (.) characters:
SELECT LPAD('Page 1',15,'*.') "LPAD example"
FROM DUAL;
LPAD example
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*.*.*.*.*Page 1