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Contents

Title and Copyright Information

Preface

• Audience
• Related documents
• Conventions
• Documentation Accessibility

What's New

• New features in Release 11.2.2.8.0
• New features in Release 11.2.2.7.0
• New features in Release 11.2.2.5.0
• New features in Release 11.2.2.4.0
• New features in Release 11.2.2.2.0
• New features in Release 11.2.2.1.0
• New features in Release 11.2.2.0.0

1 Overview of TimesTen Replication

• What is replication?
• Requirements for replication compatibility
• Replication agents
• Copying updates between databases
  • Default replication
  • Return receipt replication
  • Return twosafe replication
• Types of replication schemes
  • Active standby pair with read-only subscribers
  • Classic replication
    • Full database replication or selective replication
    • Unidirectional or bidirectional replication
    • Direct replication or propagation
• Cache groups and replication
  • Replicating an AWT cache group
  • Replicating an AWT cache group with a subscriber propagating to an Oracle database
  • Replicating a read-only cache group
• Sequences and replication
• Foreign keys and replication
• Aging and replication

2 Getting Started

• Configuring an active standby pair with one subscriber
  • Step 1: Create the DSNs for the master and the subscriber databases
  • Step 2: Create a table in one of the master databases
  • Step 3: Define the active standby pair
  • Step 4: Start the replication agent on a master database
  • Step 5: Set the state of a master database to 'ACTIVE'
  • Step 6. Create a user on the active database
  • Step 7: Duplicate the active database to the standby database
  • Step 8: Start the replication agent on the standby database
  • Step 9. Duplicate the standby database to the subscriber
  • Step 10: Start the replication agent on the subscriber
  • Step 11: Insert data into the table on the active database
  • Step 12: Drop the active standby pair and the table
• Configuring a replication scheme with one master and one subscriber
  • Step 1: Create the DSNs for the master and the subscriber
  • Step 2: Create a table and replication scheme on the master database
  • Step 3: Create a table and replication scheme on the subscriber database
  • Step 4: Start the replication agent on each database
  • Step 5: Insert data into the table on the master database
  • Step 6: Drop the replication scheme and table

3 Defining an Active Standby Pair Replication Scheme

• Overview of master database states
• Duplicating a database
• Restrictions on active standby pairs
• Defining the DSNs for the databases
• Table requirements for active standby pairs
• Defining an active standby pair replication scheme
• Identifying the databases in the active standby pair
• Using a return service for an active standby pair
• Setting STORE attributes for an active standby pair
• Configuring network operations for an active standby pair
• Using automatic client failover for an active standby pair
• Including or excluding database objects from replication
• Replicating tables with foreign key relationships in an active standby pair
• Materialized views in an active standby pair
• Replicating sequences in an active standby pair

4 Defining Attributes and Options for a Replication Scheme

• Using a return service
  • Specifying a different return service for each subscriber in a classic replication scheme
  • RETURN RECEIPT
  • RETURN RECEIPT BY REQUEST
  • RETURN TWOSAFE
  • RETURN TWOSAFE BY REQUEST
  • NO RETURN
• Setting STORE attributes
  • Setting the return service timeout period
    • Managing return service timeout errors and replication state changes
  • Column definition options for replicated tables
    • Examples for an active standby pair replicating tables with table definition checking set to relaxed
    • Examples for classic replication scheme with table definition checking set to relaxed
  • Compressing replicated traffic
  • Port assignments
  • Setting wait timeout for response from remote replication agents
  • Setting the transaction log failure threshold
  • Suspending or resuming classic replication in response to conflicts
• Configuring the network
  • Network bandwidth requirements
  • Replication in a WAN environment
  • Configuring network interfaces with the ROUTE clause
  • Configuring network interfaces when not using the ROUTE clause
    • Identifying database hosts on UNIX without using the ROUTE clause
    • Host name resolution on Windows
    • User-specified addresses for TimesTen daemons and subdaemons
  • Identifying the local host of a replicated database

5 Administering an Active Standby Pair without Cache Groups

• Setting up an active standby pair with no cache groups
• Recovering from a failure of the active database
  • Recovering when the standby database is ready
    • When replication is return receipt or asynchronous
    • When replication is return twosafe
  • Failing back to the original nodes
• Recovering from a failure of the standby database
• Recovering after a dual failure of both active and standby databases
  • Recover the active database
  • Recover the standby database
• Recovering from the failure of a subscriber database
• Reversing the roles of the active and standby databases
• Detection of dual active databases

6 Administering an Active Standby Pair with Cache Groups

• Active standby pairs with cache groups
• Setting up an active standby pair with a read-only cache group
• Setting up an active standby pair with an AWT cache group
• Changing user names or passwords used by replication
• Recovering from a failure of the active database
  • Recovering when the standby database is ready
    • When replication is return receipt or asynchronous
    • When replication is return twosafe
    • When there is unsynchronized data in the cache groups
  • Failing back to the original nodes
• Recovering from a failure of the standby database
• Recovering after a dual failure of both active and standby databases
  • Recover the active database and duplicate a new standby database
  • Recover the standby database to be the new active master
  • Restore the active master from a backup
• Recovering from the failure of a subscriber database
• Reversing the roles of the active and standby databases
• Detecting dual active databases
• Using a disaster recovery subscriber in an active standby pair
  • Requirements for using a disaster recovery subscriber with an active standby pair
  • Rolling out a disaster recovery subscriber
  • Switching over to the disaster recovery site
    • Creating a new active standby pair after switching to the disaster recovery site
    • Switching over to a single database
  • Returning to the original configuration at the primary site

7 Altering an Active Standby Pair

• Making DDL changes in an active standby pair
  • Controlling replication of objects to all databases in an active standby pair
  • DDL statements that can be automatically replicated
  • Creating a new PL/SQL object in an existing active standby pair
  • Restrictions on making DDL changes in an active standby pair
  • Examples: Making DDL changes in an active standby pair
• Making other changes to an active standby pair
  • Examples: Altering an active standby pair

8 Using Oracle Clusterware to Manage Active Standby Pairs

• Overview of how Oracle Clusterware can manage TimesTen
  • Required privileges
  • Hardware and software requirements
  • Restricted commands and SQL statements
• Configuring Oracle Clusterware management with the cluster.oracle.ini file
  • Configuring basic availability
  • Configuring advanced availability
  • Including cache groups in the active standby pair
  • Including the active standby pair in a cache grid
  • Implementing application failover
  • Recovering from permanent failure of both master nodes
  • Using the RepDDL attribute
• Creating and initializing a cluster
  • Install Oracle Clusterware
  • Install TimesTen on each host
  • Register the TimesTen cluster information
  • Start the TimesTen cluster agent
  • Create and populate a TimesTen database on one host
  • Create system DSN files on other hosts
  • Create a cluster.oracle.ini file
  • Create the Oracle Clusterware resources to manage virtual IP addresses
  • Create an active standby pair replication scheme
  • Start the active standby pair and the applications
  • Load cache groups
  • Include more than one active standby pair in a cluster
  • Configure an Oracle database as a disaster recovery subscriber
  • Configure a read-only subscriber that is not managed by Oracle Clusterware
• Using Oracle Clusterware with a TimesTen cache grid
  • Creating and initializing a cluster of cache grid members
  • Failure and recovery for active standby pair grid members
  • Making schema changes to active standby pairs in a grid
    • Add a cache group
    • Drop a cache group
    • Change an existing cache group
• Recovering from failures
  • How TimesTen performs recovery when Oracle Clusterware is configured
  • When an active database or its host fails
  • When a standby database or its host fails
  • When read-only subscribers or their hosts fail
  • When failures occur on both master nodes
    • Automatic recovery when not attached to a grid
    • Manual recovery of both nodes of an active standby pair grid member
    • Manual recovery for advanced availability
    • Manual recovery for basic availability
    • Manual recovery to the same master nodes when databases are corrupt
    • Manual recovery when RETURN TWOSAFE is configured
  • When more than two master hosts fail
  • Perform a forced switchover after failure of the active database or host
• Clusterware management
  • Performing a rolling upgrade of Oracle Clusterware software
  • Upgrading TimesTen
  • Managing hosts in the cluster
    • Adding a host to the cluster
    • Removing a host from the cluster
  • Managing active standby pairs in a cluster
    • Adding an active standby pair to a cluster
    • Removing an active standby pair from a cluster
  • Managing read-only subscribers in the active standby pair
    • Adding a read-only subscriber managed by Oracle Clusterware
    • Removing a read-only subscriber managed by Oracle Clusterware
    • Adding or dropping a read-only subscriber not managed by Oracle Clusterware
    • Rebuilding a read-only subscriber not managed by Oracle Clusterware
  • Changing the schema
    • Facilitating schema change for Oracle Clusterware
    • Managing subscribers and database attributes
  • Reversing the roles of the master databases
  • Moving a database to a different host
  • Performing host or network maintenance
  • Performing maintenance on the entire cluster
  • Changing user names or passwords when using Oracle Clusterware
  • Managing the TimesTen database RAM policy
• Monitoring cluster status
  • Obtaining cluster status
  • Message log files

9 Defining Classic Replication Schemes

• Designing a highly available system
  • Considering failover and recovery scenarios
  • Making decisions about performance and recovery tradeoffs
  • Distributing workloads
• Defining a classic replication scheme
  • Owner of the replication scheme and replicated objects
  • Database names
• Table requirements and restrictions for classic replication schemes
• Restrictions for classic replication schemes involving multiple masters
• Defining replication elements
  • Defining the DATASTORE element
  • Defining table elements
  • Replicating tables with foreign key relationships in a classic replication scheme
  • Replicating sequences
  • Views and materialized views in a replicated database
• Checking for replication conflicts on table elements
• Setting transmit durability on DATASTORE element
• Using a return service in a classic replication scheme
• Setting STORE attributes in a classic replication scheme
• Configuring network operations for a classic replication scheme
• Classic replication scheme syntax examples
  • Single classic subscriber schemes
  • Multiple subscriber classic replication schemes with return services and a log failure threshold
  • Replicating tables to different subscribers
  • Propagation scheme
  • Bidirectional split workload schemes
  • Bidirectional distributed workload scheme
• Applying a classic replication scheme to a database
• Creating classic replication schemes with scripts

10 Altering a Classic Replication Scheme

• Altering a classic replication scheme
  • Adding a table or sequence to an existing classic replication scheme
  • Adding a PL/SQL object to an existing classic replication scheme
  • Adding a DATASTORE element to an existing classic replication scheme
    • Including tables or sequences when you add a DATASTORE element
    • Excluding a table or sequence when you add a DATASTORE element
  • Dropping a table or sequence from a classic replication scheme
    • Dropping a table or sequence that is replicated as part of a DATASTORE element
    • Dropping a table or sequence that is replicated as a TABLE or SEQUENCE element
  • Creating and adding a subscriber database to a classic replication scheme
  • Dropping a subscriber database from a classic replication scheme
  • Changing a TABLE or SEQUENCE element name in a classic replication scheme
  • Replacing a master database in a classic replication scheme
  • Eliminating conflict detection in a classic replication scheme
  • Eliminating the return receipt service in a classic replication scheme
  • Changing the port number for a classic replication scheme
  • Changing the replication route
  • Changing the log failure threshold
• Altering a replicated table in a classic replication scheme
• Truncating a replicated table in a classic replication scheme
• Dropping a classic replication scheme

11 Setting Up a Replicated System

• Setting up the replication environment
  • Establishing the databases
  • Connection attributes for replicated databases
  • Configuring parallel replication
    • Configuring automatic parallel replication
    • Configuring automatic parallel replication with disabled commit dependencies
    • Configuring user-defined parallel replication for classic replication schemes
  • Managing the transaction log on a replicated database
    • About log buffer flushing
    • About transaction log growth on a master database
    • Setting connection attributes for logging
• Duplicating a master database to a subscriber
• Configuring a large number of subscribers
• Replicating databases across releases
• Starting and stopping the replication agents
• Setting the replication state of subscribers

12 Monitoring Replication

• Show state of replication agents
  • Using ttStatus to obtain replication agent status
  • Using ttAdmin -query to confirm policy settings
  • Using ttDataStoreStatus to obtain replication agent status
• Show master database information
  • Using ttRepAdmin to display information about the master database
  • Querying replication tables to obtain information about a master database
• Show subscriber database information
  • Display subscriber status with the ttRepAdmin utility
  • Display subscriber status with the ttReplicationStatus built-in procedure
  • Display information about subscribers through querying replication tables
    • Subscriber information
• Show the configuration of replicated databases
  • Display configuration information with the ttIsql repschemes command
  • Display configuration information with the ttRepAdmin utility
  • Display configuration information through querying replication tables
• Show replicated log records
  • Monitor replication with the TTREP.REPPEERS table
  • Monitor replication with the ttLogHolds built-in procedure
  • Monitor replication with the ttRepAdmin utility
  • Monitor replication with the ttBookMark built-in procedure
• Use ttRepAdmin to show replication status
  • MAIN thread status fields
  • Replication peer status fields
  • TRANSMITTER thread status fields
  • RECEIVER thread status fields
• Check the status of return service transactions
  • Determine if return service is disabled
  • Check last returned status for a return service
• Analyze outstanding transactions in the replication log

13 Resolving Replication Conflicts

• How replication conflicts occur
  • Update and insert conflicts
  • Delete/update conflicts
• Using a timestamp to resolve conflicts
  • Timestamp comparisons for local updates
• Configuring timestamp comparison
  • Including a timestamp column in replicated tables
  • Configuring the CHECK CONFLICTS clause
    • Enabling system timestamp column maintenance
    • Enabling user timestamp column maintenance
• Reporting conflicts
  • Reporting conflicts to a text file
  • Reporting conflicts to an XML file
  • Reporting uniqueness conflicts
  • Reporting update conflicts
  • Reporting delete/update conflicts
  • Suspending and resuming the reporting of conflicts
• The conflict report XML Document Type Definition
  • The main body of the document
  • The uniqueness conflict element
  • The update conflict element
  • The delete/update conflict element

14 Improving Replication Performance

• Adjust transaction log buffer size and CPU
• Performance considerations when altering tables that are replicated
• Increase replication throughput for active standby pairs
• Limit replication transmitters, receivers, and XLA readers

15 Managing Database Failover and Recovery

• Overview of database failover and recovery
• General failover and recovery procedures
  • Subscriber failures
  • Master failures
  • Automatic catch-up of a failed master database
    • When master catch-up is required for an active standby pair
  • Failures in bidirectional distributed workload schemes
  • Network failures
  • Failures involving sequences
• Recovering a failed database
  • Recovering a failed database from the command line
  • Recovering a failed database from a C program
• Recovering nondurable databases
• Writing a failure recovery script

A TimesTen Configuration Attributes for Oracle Clusterware

• List of attributes
• Required attributes
  • MasterHosts
• Conditionally required attributes
  • AppCheckCmd
  • AppFailureInterval
  • AppName
  • AppRestartAttempts
  • AppStartCmd
  • AppStopCmd
  • AppType
  • AppUptimeThreshold
  • CacheConnect
  • GridPort
  • MasterVIP
  • RemoteSubscriberHosts
  • RepBackupDir
  • SubscriberHosts
  • SubscriberVIP
  • VIPInterface
  • VIPNetMask
• Optional attributes
  • AppFailoverDelay
  • AppFailureThreshold
  • AppScriptTimeout
  • AutoRecover
  • DatabaseFailoverDelay
  • FailureThreshold
  • MasterStoreAttribute
  • RepBackupPeriod
  • RepDDL
  • RepFullBackupCycle
  • ReturnServiceAttribute
  • SubscriberStoreAttribute
  • TimesTenScriptTimeout

Index